Which method is more likely to be used in developing countries with high energy costs?

The basic oxygen process is favored in developing countries with high energy costs primarily because it utilizes scrap steel and oxygen to convert molten iron into steel effectively and efficiently. This method significantly reduces the energy required compared to other processes, making it a cost-effective option for steel production.

The basic oxygen process leverages the use of high-purity oxygen blown into molten iron, which oxidizes impurities and results in steel with desirable properties. This approach is advantageous in regions where energy expenses are a concern, as it can produce large quantities of steel with relatively lower energy consumption compared to traditional methods.

In contrast, methods like the electric arc process require a considerable amount of electricity to melt scrap steel, making them less appealing in scenarios where energy prices are high. The Bessemer process, while historically significant, is outdated and less efficient compared to contemporary methods. Continuous casting is a technique used for shaping molten steel into formats but does not specifically address energy costs associated with steel production.

Hence, the basic oxygen process stands out as a practical choice, aligning with the needs and constraints of developing countries seeking to optimize production while managing high energy costs.