Which class of elements tend to gain electrons during reactions?

Nonmetals are elements that tend to gain electrons during chemical reactions, which is a fundamental characteristic of their behavior in various chemical contexts. This tendency is primarily due to their position on the periodic table and their electron configurations. Nonmetals have higher electronegativities compared to metals, meaning they have a stronger attraction for electrons. As a result, when they participate in reactions, they are more likely to accept electrons from other atoms.

This electron gain enables nonmetals to achieve a stable electron configuration akin to that of noble gases, often leading to the formation of negative ions, or anions. This behavior contrasts sharply with metals, which are generally more inclined to lose electrons and form positive ions due to their lower electronegativity and larger atomic radii.

Understanding this distinction is crucial in predicting the outcomes of chemical reactions, as the nature of the elements involved significantly influences the formation of compounds and the overall chemical behavior of substances.