What defines an alkane in organic chemistry?

An alkane in organic chemistry is defined as a saturated hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds between carbon atoms. This means that each carbon atom in the alkane is bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible, adhering to the general formula CnH2n+2, where n represents the number of carbon atoms. This saturation is crucial, as it differentiates alkanes from other types of hydrocarbons, such as alkenes and alkynes, which contain one or more double or triple bonds, respectively.

The presence of only single bonds means that alkanes are less reactive compared to other hydrocarbons with multiple bonds, making them stable and simpler in their chemical structure. This characteristic leads to a range of physical properties typical of alkanes, such as being nonpolar and having lower boiling points compared to their unsaturated counterparts. Understanding these foundational aspects is essential in organic chemistry, as it lays the groundwork for recognizing and studying various organic compounds.