How are impurities managed during the electric arc process?

During the electric arc process, impurities present in the metal being processed are managed by gathering as slag on the surface. As the metal is heated to a high temperature due to the electric arc, various impurities, including oxides and other compounds, tend to form a lighter phase that separates from the molten metal. This slag rises to the surface, allowing for easier removal and thereby purifying the molten metal underneath. This separation is crucial because it ensures that the final product is of higher quality by minimizing contamination from unwanted materials, which can adversely affect the properties of the metal.

The presence of slag also acts as a thermal insulator, helping to maintain the high temperatures necessary for further processing. Thus, this method of managing impurities is both effective and vital in producing refined metals during the electric arc process.