According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, what defines acids?

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, acids are defined as substances that donate protons (hydrogen ions) to other substances in a chemical reaction. This theory emphasizes the role of proton transfer in acid-base reactions. When an acid donates a proton, it becomes a conjugate base. This definition expands the understanding of acids beyond traditional Arrhenius acids, which are defined by their ability to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.

The proton donation process is crucial because it highlights the interactive nature of acids and bases; as acids donate protons, bases simultaneously accept them. This dynamic interaction is fundamental to many chemical processes and reactions, making the Bronsted-Lowry definition widely accepted in chemistry.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids. Some might refer to electron gain or gas release but do not accurately describe the behavior of acids in the context of this theory.